Design, implementation and deployment of the Saclay muon reconstruction algorithms (Muonbox/y) in the Athena software framework of the ATLAS experiment

This paper gives an overview of a reconstruction algorithm for muon events in ATLAS experiment at CERN. After a short introduction on ATLAS Muon Spectrometer, we will describe the procedure performed by the algorithms Muonbox and Muonboy (last version) in order to achieve correctly the reconstruction task. These algorithms have been developed in Fortran language and are working in the official C++ framework Athena, as well as in stand alone mode. A description of the interaction between Muonboy and Athena will be given, together with the reconstruction performances (efficiency and momentum resolution) obtained with MonteCarlo data.Comment: 4 pages, 8 figures, CHEP2003 conferenc

Lumbar total disc arthroplasty: outdated surgery or here to stay procedure? A systematic review of current literature

Background: The purpose of this study was to summarize the available evidence about total lumbar disc replacement (TDR), focusing our attention on four main topics: clinical and functional outcomes, comparison with fusion surgery results, rate of complications and influence on sagittal balance. Materials and methods: We systematically searched Pubmed, Embase, Medline, Medscape, Google Scholar and Cochrane library databases in order to answer our four main research questions. Effective data were extracted after the assessment of methodological quality of the trials. Results: Fifty-nine pertinent papers were included. Clinical and functional scores show statistically significant improvements, and they last at all time points compared to baseline. The majority of the articles show there is no significant difference between TDR groups and fusion groups. The literature shows similar rates of complications between the two surgical procedures. Conclusions: TDR showed significant safety and efficacy, comparable to lumbar fusion. The major advantages of a lumbar TDR over fusion include maintenance of segmental motion and the restoration of the disc height, allowing patients to find their own spinal balance. Disc arthroplasty could be a reliable option in the treatment of degenerative disc disease in years to come. Level of evidence: II

Modelado de calidad de agua en ríos de montaña con impacto antrópico. Caso de estudio: Sierra Chica de Córdoba, Argentina

Los modelos de calidad de agua constituyen una valiosa herramienta para analizar el estado ecológico de los sistemas hídricos y predecir la respuesta de estos sistemas frente a diferentes escenarios ambientales. Se presenta aquí un ejemplo de la aplicación del programa de modelado de calidad de agua QUAL2Kw en cuencas hídricas de montaña con impacto antrópico en la provincia de Córdoba, Argentina. Las cuencas de los ríos Ceballos y Salsipuedes drenan la ladera oriental de la Sierra Chica de Córdoba (31º 05´y 31°19´S y 64º 15´ y 64º 25´ O) y constituyen la principal fuente de abastecimiento de agua para consumo humano y recreación para las ciudades de la zona. Las aguas son bicarbonatadas cálcicas con una tendencia hacia términos sulfatados cálcico/sódicos aguas abajo. La fuente natural de solutos en estas aguas son la meteorización química de silicatos y la disolución de carbonatos. En esta región el desarrollo urbano se ha incrementado notablemente durante los últimos años impactando directamente en la calidad de los recursos hídricos. Elevadas concentraciones de sulfatos, cloruros, sodio, nitratos, fósforo y bacterias coliformes totales y fecales fueron determinadas en las zonas más urbanizadas de la región, evidenciando la clara influencia antrópica sobre el medio natural. El empleo del programa de modelado de calidad de agua QUAL2Kw permitió evaluar cuali y cuantitativamente el comportamiento de las variables hidroquímicas mencionadas atribuidas principalmente a descargas difusas de origen antrópico, poniendo en evidencia la potencialidad del programa para la gestión integrada del rio en ambientes de montaña.Fil: Formica, Stella Maris. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra; ArgentinaFil: Sacchi, Gabriela Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra; ArgentinaFil: Campodonico, Verena Agustina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra; ArgentinaFil: Pasquini, Andrea Ines. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra; ArgentinaFil: Cioccale, Marcela Alejandra. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; Argentin

Fractures and dislocations of the lisfranc tarso-metatarsal articulation: outcome related to timing and choice of treatment

A Lisfranc injury is when one or more of the metatarsals are displaced from the tarsus. The term is more commonly used to describe an injury to the midfoot, centred on the 2nd tarso-metatarsal joint. These fractures are sometimes easily overlooked, especially if they are part of a polytrauma. They are often difficult to diagnose and treat, but if they go undetected and are not properly treated, they can cause long-term or chronic disability. Our team reviewed a group of 71 patients with a Lisfranc fracture dislocation. The lesions were classified according to Meyerson classification. All the patients were re-evaluated 3 years after their surgeries by clinical examination, Ankle-Hindfoot Scale AOFAS questionnaire, X-rays and baropodometric analysis. This review outlines the treatment outcome of this injury, taking into consideration the timing of diagnosis

Pooled Genome-Wide Analysis to Identify Novel Risk Loci for Pediatric Allergic Asthma

BACKGROUND: Genome-wide association studies of pooled DNA samples were shown to be a valuable tool to identify candidate SNPs associated to a phenotype. No such study was up to now applied to childhood allergic asthma, even if the very high complexity of asthma genetics is an appropriate field to explore the potential of pooled GWAS approach. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We performed a pooled GWAS and individual genotyping in 269 children with allergic respiratory diseases comparing allergic children with and without asthma. We used a modular approach to identify the most significant loci associated with asthma by combining silhouette statistics and physical distance method with cluster-adapted thresholding. We found 97% concordance between pooled GWAS and individual genotyping, with 36 out of 37 top-scoring SNPs significant at individual genotyping level. The most significant SNP is located inside the coding sequence of C5, an already identified asthma susceptibility gene, while the other loci regulate functions that are relevant to bronchial physiopathology, as immune- or inflammation-mediated mechanisms and airway smooth muscle contraction. Integration with gene expression data showed that almost half of the putative susceptibility genes are differentially expressed in experimental asthma mouse models. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Combined silhouette statistics and cluster-adapted physical distance threshold analysis of pooled GWAS data is an efficient method to identify candidate SNP associated to asthma development in an allergic pediatric population

What is the Current Evidence on Vertebral Body Osteonecrosis?: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Osteonecrosis (ON) is a clinical entity characterized by a pattern of cell death and complex process of bone resorption and formation. Studies related to ON have largely focused on certain anatomical sites; however, the evidence on vertebral body ON (VBON) is largely inconsistent and fragmented. The aim of this study was to clarify the pathophysiology, risk factors, imaging findings, and available treatment modalities for VBON. A systematic review of the relevant articles published in English was performed using PubMed, Embase, Medline, Google Scholar, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and CINAHL databases. A total of 81 articles were included in this study. Three main topics about VBON were identified: (1) pathophysiology and risk factors, (2) diagnosis, and (3) treatment. Forty-five studies were based on the pathophysiology, 52 on diagnosis, and 38 on the treatment options for VBON. The literature on VBON was limited and mainly focused on post-traumatic cases with a considerable overlap with nonunion and pseudoarthrosis

Four-jointed knock-out delays renal failure in an ADPKD model with kidney injury

Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease is characterised by the development of fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys which lead to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). In the majority of cases, the disease is caused by a mutation in the Pkd1 gene. In a previous study, we demonstrated that renal injury can accelerate cyst formation in Pkd1 knock-out (KO) mice. In that study, we found that after injury four-jointed (Fjx1), an upstream regulator of planar cell polarity and the Hippo pathway, was aberrantly expressed in Pkd1 KO mice compared to WT. Therefore, we hypothesised a role for Fjx1 in injury/repair and cyst formation. We generated single and double deletion mice for Pkd1 and Fjx1, and we induced toxic renal injury using the nephrotoxic compound 1,2-dichlorovinyl-cysteine. We confirmed that nephrotoxic injury can accelerate cyst formation in Pkd1 mutant mice. This caused Pkd1 KO mice to reach ESRD significantly faster; unexpectedly, double KO mice survived significantly longer. Cyst formation was comparable in both models, but we found significantly less fibrosis and macrophage infiltration in double KO mice. Taken together, these data suggest that Fjx1 disruption protects the cystic kidneys against kidney failure by reducing inflammation and fibrosis. Moreover, we describe, for the first time, an interesting (yet unidentified) mechanism that partially discriminates cyst growth from fibrogenesis. © 2019 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland

Arachnoiditis ossificans, isthmic spondylolisthesis and pseudomeningocele. A rare clinical scenario

The combination of arachnoiditis ossificans, isthmic spondylolisthesis and calcific pseudomeningocele is an extremely unusual condition. In the current literature, there is no previous report of this intricate clinical scenario, and therefore there are no clear indications on the best treatment. In the reported surgical case, the excision of calcific pseudomeningocele, L4 bilateral laminectomy and foraminotomy and posterolateral fusion were performed. L4L5 interbody fusion was aborted for impossibility of neural elements mobilization and a consequent intraoperative dural tear. The aims of the adopted surgical procedure are the decompression of neural elements and the stability due to bone fusion

Zoonosis por parapoxvirus: diagnóstico e identificación de pseudocowpox (PCPV)

Las zoonosis son enfermedades infecciosas que han pasado de un animal a humanos y representan un gran porcentaje de todas las enfermedades infecciosas recientemente identificadas, así como de muchas de las ya existentes. Los patógenos zoonóticos pueden ser bacterias, virus, parásitos o agentes no convencionales que se contagian a los humanos por contacto directo o a través de los alimentos, el agua o el medio ambiente. Representan un importante problema de salud pública en todo el mundo debido a nuestra estrecha relación con los animales en el medio agrícola, la vida cotidiana (animales de compañía) o el entorno natural. La Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentación (FAO), la Organización Mundial de Sanidad Animal (OIE) y la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), se han comprometido a fortalecer la coordinación multisectorial y los esfuerzos para combatir las amenazas para la salud pública derivadas de las interacciones entre humanos, animales y medio ambiente. Algunas de estas enfermedades son subdiagnosticadas porque no se emplean diagnósticos confirmatorios y pueden ser confundidas sobre todo en los grandes centros urbanos (Steinhart, 2005). Las enfermedades producidas por poxvirus se encuentran entre este grupo de posibles diagnósticos indefinidos y aunque no son graves, merecen ser tenidas en cuenta por los centros de salud de las regiones ganaderas. Los retrasos en la confirmación de infecciones humanas pueden resultar en un tratamiento inadecuado o una recuperación prolongada, El reconocimiento temprano de las infecciones asociadas al poxvirus y la aplicación de medidas preventivas adecuadas pueden reducir la propagación del virus entre los animales y sus dueños (Tack & Reynolds, 2011). El objetivo del artículo es describir el diagnóstico de una enfermedad zoonótica producida por un Parapoxvirus incluido dentro de la familia Poxvidae mediante la intervención interdisciplinaria de la medicina humana, la animal y el diagnóstico especializado.Estación Experimental Agropecuaria General VillegasFil: Peralta, Andrea. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). UEDD IABIMO. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Buffarini, Miguel Angel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria General Villegas; ArgentinaFil: Trojaola, Ariel. Actividad privada; Argentina.Fil: Bruni, Andrea. Actividad privada; Argentina.Fil: Formica, Marcelo. Actividad privada; Argentina

Total neoadjuvant therapy for the treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer: a systematic minireview

Colorectal carcinoma is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths, and indeed, rectal cancer accounting for approximately one third of newly diagnosed patients. Gold standard in the treatment of rectal cancer is a multimodality approach, aiming at a good control of the local disease. Distant recurrences are the major cause of mortality. Currently, Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer (LARC) patients undergo a combined treatment of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, followed by surgery. Eventually, more chemotherapy, namely adjuvant chemotherapy (aCT), may be necessary. Total Neoadjuvant Therapy (TNT) is an emerging approach aimed to reduce distant metastases and improve local control. Several ongoing studies are analyzing whether this new approach could improve oncological outcomes. Published results were encouraging, but the heterogeneity of protocols in use, makes the comparison and interpretation of data rather complex. One of the major concerns regarding TNT administration is related to its effect on larger and more advanced cancers that might not undergo similar down-staging as smaller, early-stage tumors. This minireview, based on a systematic literature search of randomized clinical trials and meta-analysis, summarizes current knowledge on TNT. The aim was to confirm or refute whether or not current practice of TNT is based on relevant evidence, to establish the quality of that evidence, and to address any uncertainty or variation in practice that may be occurring. A tentative grouping of general study characteristics, clinical features and treatments characteristics has been undertaken to evaluate if the reported studies are sufficiently homogeneous in terms of subjects involved, interventions, and outcomes to provide a meaningful idea of which patients are more likely to gain from this treatment